Ideology After Union by Mykhailo Minakov

Author:Mykhailo Minakov [Alexander, Minakov, Mykhailo ; Etkind,]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Ibidem Press
Published: 2020-03-19T16:00:00+00:00

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1 Talk of “the Chinese century” is rampant. (Fogel 2010: 72–75). According to Jacques Martin, China—because it is a civilization-state and not a European style nation-state—will rule not only economically, but culturally (Jacques 2009). For Halper, China is creating a rival model to the Washington Consensus (Halper 2010).

2 Notably, Edward Banfield concluded that family centrism was corrupting Italian society (Banfield 1958). In Plato’s Republic, social decline was thought to be driven by the rulers’ sons adopting values different from their fathers.

3 Corruption and nepotism can offer a path towards development (Leff 1964: 8-14).

4 For example, historians have found common patterns of governance between communist China and the Soviet Union (Walder 1988).

5 Surpassing Stalin in his institutional destruction, Mao tried to turn hundreds of millions of Chinese peasants into foot soldiers. The Great Leap Forward was so radical that peasants were ordered to tame nature by killing all the sparrows (Dikotter 2010).

6 In 1935 there was an attempt to halt the genealogical witch-hunt with Stalin’s announcement that sons were no longer responsible for the sins of their fathers (Viola 1984: 512-513; Fitzpatrick 1974: 235, 323-324; Fitzpatrick 2000: 139-163). In China, mass trials, attended by thousands, encouraged suicides and undermined Quanxi [traditional relationships]. According to Mao, the Communist Party had to firmly subordinate all institutions, including the military. In 1938 he stated that the main principle was that the Party commands the gun, and the gun must never be allowed to command the Party (Teiwes 1993: 37).

7 An ample literature supports the conventional wisdom that “sultanates” are doomed to failure (Eisenstadt 1978: 277–289; Skocpol and Goodwin 1994: 259–278; Snyder 1992: 379–399, Ivanov 1977: 167).

8 Merele Fainsod called Stalinism “inefficient totalitarianism” (Fainsod 1963: 132–137).

9 For Groys, the communist revolution entails the overcoming of markets by language as a means of control. (Groys 2006: 90). The communist civilization continues to be controlled by non-market mechanisms.

10 The Stalinists, like the fascists, used the title Vozhd [leader], but Vozhd also retained its primary meaning of tribal chieftain.

11 In fact, Koreans who married Europeans were forced to divorce or be expelled from the capital.

12 Over the years, many have foreseen North Korean collapse (Mesquita et all. 2003: 273-276; Lan’kov 2010; Becker 2005).

13 Historian Bruce Cummings, if at times overly indulgent, has presented a defense of the North Korean regime, which faced trigger-happy opponents (Cummings 2004).

14 The so-called Great Cotton Scandal which involved falsified figures of Uzbek cotton production and embezzlement of state funds tarnished the reputation not only of Leonid Brezhnev, but of the entire Soviet system. During the Andropov and Gorbachev periods, state trials implicated many party leaders in systemic corruption.

15 This information came from interviews with Uzbek students carried out in Busan, Korea on October, 2018.

16 Sultanov’s grandfather was a pre-revolutionary Aqsa Al (white bearded village head); other relatives founded the Soviet-era Uzbek militia; the Soviet literary figure, Izzat Sultan, was his cousin.

17 Interview conducted in Busan, South Korea in 2018.

18 On nepotism in Kazakhstan see: Olcott 2002: 65–66, 319–322; Ostrowski 2009: 347–368; Lomov 2000.

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